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With the advancement of "Made in China 2025", "Machine Substitution" has become the trend of the times, which also makes Chinese robots continue to rank first in sales in the world for four consecutive years. All regions have placed the robot industry on the priority of development. According to statistics, there are 28 provinces with a focus on the development of the robotics industry in China, with more than 40 robotic industrial parks and more than 500 robotics companies. In sharp contrast to this "hotness", in China's huge robot consumer market, local brand robots only account for 4%, and a large number of key components of domestic robots rely on imports.
Market-driven domestic robot industry rises
At the transition between new and old kinetic energy, the robotics industry has become one of the new bright spots. According to data from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in 2016, the output of industrial robots in China has reached 72,400 units, an increase of 34.3% year-on-year, and the scale of the industry has been expanding.
High-tech robots such as human-robot collaboration robots have been introduced to the market, and orthopedic surgical robots have been applied in batches at the top-three hospitals. Some robots’ proprietary technologies such as voice recognition and image recognition have reached the international advanced level. Service robots are used in medical operations. Rehabilitation, catering and other fields have been applied.
On the one hand, the “machine substitution†program is in full swing, and many local governments compete to subsidize enterprises on robots; on the other hand, large and small robot industrial parks have started to emerge, and “robot concept stocks†have become the new enthusiasm of the stock market...
According to incomplete statistics, there are dozens of robotic industrial parks or industrial bases that have been completed and planned to be built in various places. The total number of companies in the relevant industry chain has increased from more than 200 at the beginning of 2014 to more than 1,000 today, and in the A-share listed companies There are more than 50 "robot concept stocks".
Dongguan finances 200 million yuan each year to support enterprises "machine substitution." “Songshan Lake International Robot Industry Base†was established in November 2014. The base plans to invest a total of approximately RMB 2.7 billion.
He Minjia, chairman of Guangzhou CNC Equipment Co., Ltd. lamented that the domestic robotics industry is really hot.
Repeated Construction Low-end Robot Production Capacity "Super Edition"
The industry divides the entire robot industry chain into three levels: the upstream is the core component, mainly the speed reducer and the control system, which is equivalent to the robot's "brain"; the midstream is the robot body, that is, the robot's "body"; It is a system integrator who depends on the core equipment in the upstream and midstream for integration.
"Not only the Pearl River Delta region, 90% of the domestic robotics companies are in the downstream link." This is a summary of the convergence of the status of the industry by the bosses of robot companies visited by reporters.
In Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industrial Park in Dongguan City, more than 30 robot-related companies have now gathered. Jiang Shilong, president of the Dongguan Robot Industry Association, said that Dongguan has more than 200 companies involved in the robotics industry, including less than a third of intellectual property rights. “Although the number is considerable, there are few influential companies in the industry. The industry development is scattered.†The industry chain presents the characteristics of “large downstream, scattered midstream, and lack of upstreamâ€.
Due to the lack of core technologies, the vast majority of the robotics companies in the downstream of the “combination†industrial chain are still small and medium-sized enterprises. They are far from the international industrial giants such as ABB, Fanuc and Kuca. Correspondingly, these companies produce robots with lower levels of application and intelligence. He Minjia said that German and Japanese companies’ robots generally use high-end industrial robots of 6-axis or higher, and monopolize the high-end industries of robot applications such as automobile manufacturing. At present, companies in the PRD and even the entire country are mostly producing and transporting robots. Material-based low-end robots.
Wu Hong, general manager of R&D and production controllers of Shenzhen Googol Technology Co., Ltd., told reporters that at present, the products of robot companies in China are mainly based on Cartesian coordinate robots, and they are at the low end of the industry, innovation, and production and application levels. The gap between advanced enterprises is too great.
90% of key components rely on imports
Entering the Pearl River Delta in the factory workshop where the “machine substitution†plan was implemented, it will be found that most of the industrial robots and robots capable of performing intelligent automated operations are ABB Switzerland, Kuka Germany, Yaskawa Japan, and Fana Branch (Fanuc) products. According to the Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Robots, foreign companies represented by these four companies account for more than 70% of the Chinese industrial robot market.
The development of industrial robots must break through the key problem of robot core component technology. The reason why the Chinese industrial robot market is occupied by international giants is that the core components such as reducers, servo motors, and controllers are controlled by people. Most of them rely on imports, making the cost of domestic branded robots not comparable to that of foreign branded robots. How much advantage.
Shi Jinbo, general manager of Dongguan Songshan Lake International Robot Industry Base, said that at present, only a few companies have been able to carry out R&D production of key industrial robot components in Dongguan. Most companies’ key components and mid- to high-end numerical control systems rely on imports. For example, a large number of imported high-performance CNC systems from Germany's Siemens, Japan's Fanuc, and Mitsubishi, and low-end imports from Taiwan.
In addition, many general-purpose precision components such as guide rails, speed reducers, servo motors, etc. must also be imported. At present, in the field of controllers, servo motors and drives, there have been a number of local companies with a certain level of technology. However, compared with foreign products, there are still technical gaps such as large volume and small output power, and there are few in terms of precision reducers. There are representative companies.
"We are aware of the importance and necessity of the industrial robot reducer in the robot host, and we hope to break the monopoly of foreign RV reducers, reduce the cost of the robot host, and find a way out for domestic robots." He Minjia said. According to reports, the current Guangzhou RV reducer to reach an annual output of more than 300 sets, the precision has been close to the world's advanced level.
The promotion of machine substitution and automation technology transformation in various regions has brought a huge market to the industrial robot industry. According to the relevant person in charge of the Economic and Information Commission of Guangdong Province, investment in technological transformation of large-scale enterprises in Guangdong will reach more than 900 billion yuan in the next three years.
Chen Qixing, chairman of Guangdong Changying Precision Co., Ltd., told reporters that the average price of an imported industrial robot is 350,000 yuan, plus automation solutions and ancillary equipment, it will cost 450,000 yuan and even millions. A company's transformation and upgrading will frequently require several hundred million yuan.
Many international robotics companies are ready to cooperate with Chinese companies to set up production bases in China, and lay out their advances for the upcoming robotic demand. Some heads of domestic robotics companies said that if domestic companies do not make breakthroughs in core technologies, it is likely that “China’s support policies will be followed by foreign companiesâ€.
What is even more worrying is that the weak, small, and scattered enterprises will not allow the emerging robotics industry to quickly fall into the curse of low-end overcapacity in the rush to advance? "If you rely on homogenization of low-end expansion, not In the pursuit of high-end breakthroughs, the future of the domestic robot industry and applications may encounter difficulties. As a result, only 'others eat meat' and we drink soup.' said Qu Daokui, chairman of the China Robotics Industry Alliance.
Grab "Fengkou" to attack "Guankou"
Robots are considered to be "the pearl of the crown of the manufacturing industry" and are naturally favored by all countries. The United States puts forward the "manufacturing return" and vigorously develops artificial intelligence and robotics. The EU proposes a "new industrial revolution" and vigorously promotes emerging industries such as robotics and digital technology. Japan and South Korea also list robots as future strategic emerging technologies.
Li Dong, director of the Department of Equipment Industry of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, reminded us that the development of the robot industry is not to catch up with the "wind", but to attack the "gateway" and select the bottleneck of the industry to make breakthroughs. Although the robotics industry is very hot, the locals must keep calm in their development.
How to curb the signs of low-level redundant construction and promote the robotics industry to move toward mid-to-high end? Xin Guobin, deputy head of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the next step will be to further integrate the industry's innovation resources, promote the establishment of robotic innovation centers, and focus on supporting the quality of key components and The reliability can be improved. At the same time, robot pilot demonstration, promotion and application and talent cultivation are carried out. In order to prevent disorderly expansion and regulate the development of the industry, we will start with strengthening planning guidance, raising barriers to entry, and setting industry standards.
How to get out of the “gateway� The insights from Li Xunda’s founder Huo Jintian are most important for R&D and talent. At present, 70% of the company's team is R&D personnel. Prior to this, talents mainly relied on hiring experienced engineers in the industry to join. He hopes that he can supplement talents through joint training with universities in the future.
The robot industry is a typical "three highs" - high-tech, high-qualified, and high-input. Funds are also an important guarantee for technological solutions. Taking Guangzhou CNC as an example, the R&D expenditure last year reached 150 million yuan, which was more than 10% of the company's sales revenue. The R&D expenditure for more than 10 years has accounted for more than 5% of the total sales revenue.
At the same time as enterprises invest, the role played by the fiscal funds is not to be underestimated. At present, many local governments have given financial subsidies for the implementation of machine substitutions and smart equipment upgrades. Although it is beneficial to reduce the high cost of enterprise upgrades and promote the pace of development of the robot industry, robotics companies believe that limited financial resources should be invested in basic areas, and recommend that the government promote powerful companies and research institutes to select several core technologies. Collaborate on issues, support domestic robotics companies in trademark registration and patent filing at home and abroad, participate in the formulation of industry and product standards, and increase their right to speak in the robotics industry.
According to a report recently released by the United States International Data Corporation, China (Mainland) will continue to be the world’s largest and fastest-growing robotics market, with spending on robotics accounting for more than 30% of global spending. It is estimated that China's robotic technology expenditure in 2020 will reach 59.4 billion U.S. dollars, more than double the estimated expenditure of 24.6 billion U.S. dollars in 2016. This amount will account for about half of the 133 billion U.S. dollars in robotic technology spending in the Asia Pacific region in 2020.