The environmental pollution caused by used batteries is well known. At present, the problems in the recycling and utilization of used batteries are not only as simple as the lack of environmental awareness of the people. The market interests are biased, the recycling technology barriers and the legal vacancies make tens of millions of tons of used batteries. Stacked in the garbage dump, or landfilled with underground garbage, not only leaves endless troubles, but also causes huge waste of resources.

Recyclers are "sick and poor"

Because of the popularity, production of lead-acid batteries greatly increased electric bicycles, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the electric car manufacturers must assume responsibility for recycling of waste batteries, the establishment and point of sale support waste battery recycling system, can also be commissioned dealer or a qualified recycler Units are collected. Many electric bicycle dealers can recycle used batteries when they replace batteries for consumers and return them to the factory for disposal.

Due to the high value of lead in used lead-acid batteries, the price of lead is up to 12,000 yuan per ton, while in the European market, the price of lead is up to 680 dollars per ton at the end of 2006. The use of recycled lead-acid batteries to smelt lead, the process is simple, and the profits are high. Therefore, the recycling of used lead-acid batteries has been “eye-catching” by many small-scale recycled lead smelters, and these companies are happy to recycle batteries at high prices. Some small-scale regenerative lead smelting companies often contact electric vehicle manufacturers and maintenance points directly, and some "relationship manufacturers" even deliver goods to the door. Most of the "professional households" who take the "wild road" are small in scale and backward in technology. After recovering waste collectors batteries, put the battery sawing, pour the acid inside, the useful metal grids up for sale. Highly contaminated acid is where it is convenient to fall, and lead is directly in contact with people from here. Waste purchasers often dismantle lead-acid batteries, and lead poisoning occurs over time.

The enthusiasm of folk environmentalists

As recyclers steered away from dry batteries, they caused a wave of dry batteries from private environmentalists in the 1990s. In 2001, Beijing had set up more than 4,000 used battery recycling bins. People and enterprises and institutions that spontaneously recycle used batteries have joined in the country, but what makes these folk environmentalists feel embarrassed is that they can not only deal with the used batteries, but also cause excessive pollution and pollution.

Individuals and businesses are no longer encouraged to concentrate on storing used batteries. However, in Beijing, many residential units and some commercial office buildings still have dedicated waste battery recycling boxes, and many storage batteries have begun to rot, not only can not find the manufacturers. It also threatens the health of sanitation workers.

Most of the civilian use in China is a disposable battery, and the process of mercury -free battery is not optimistic. Among the more than 1,000 battery manufacturers in China, only 300 are registered in the China Battery Association. Although the batteries produced by large battery companies have achieved low-mercury or no-mercury, the batteries produced by a large number of small enterprises still have high mercury. China's batteries contain varying amounts of mercury, some of which are very good, less than one in a million; some are extremely poor, 20 times higher than the standard for low-mercury batteries, and 10,000 times higher than the standard for mercury-free batteries.

At present, China is able to mass produce low-mercury and mercury-free large battery manufacturers less than 15%, and 20% of the batteries on the market are not up to standard. Not only mercury in the battery will cause pollution, but zinc , manganese , cadmium , lead and the like will infiltrate into the ground with the decay of domestic garbage. If it exceeds certain limits, it will also cause pollution. These harmful substances enter the human body with the food chain, which greatly threatens people's health.

At present, more than 90% of domestically produced batteries are dry batteries, and it is impossible to have no pollution to the environment. Moreover, the recycling of these batteries is also a huge waste of resources. 3000 tons of used batteries can be recycled ingot heteroaryl 141 tons, 300 tons of metallurgical manganese dioxide, iron skin 260 tons, 181 tons of zinc electrolysis, electrolytic manganese dioxide 340 tons, 500 tons metal,

The value is equivalent to the cost of developing two medium-sized mines in the country, not to mention the fact that these are non-renewable one-off resources.

The recovery of zinc from dry batteries is still in the research stage in China. Both Japan and South Korea have built a dry battery recycling plant with an annual output of more than 5,000 tons of zinc. The recycling of secondary zinc resources must be highly valued by relevant state departments. The first is that the waste materials of the galvanized steel with the largest amount of zinc need to be concentrated in a special steelmaking plant that can effectively recover zinc. Second, we must speed up the pace of research and break through the cost-effective recycling process of waste batteries. If the secondary metal recovery rate of zinc reaches 30% of consumption, it means that China can recover 900,000 tons of zinc per year, which will greatly alleviate the pressure of zinc resources.

In December 2006, the European Union also announced a directive on the recycling of used batteries. The EU requires mandatory recycling of used batteries from 2008, and the recycling costs are borne by the manufacturers. The EU also stipulates that all batteries sold in the EU must be marked for specific service life from 2009; before 2012, 1/4 of the used batteries in the EU must be recycled; in 2016, this ratio should reach 45%. In addition, batteries containing more than 0.0005% of mercury and more than 0.002% of cadmium will be banned from sale in the EU.

In 2005, China's exports of various types of batteries exceeded 22.2 billion, a year-on-year increase of 4%; export earnings exceeded US$5.1 billion, up 28% year-on-year, of which lithium- ion battery exports reached US$2.32 billion, accounting for 45% of total exports. . At present, China is the world's largest producer of zinc-manganese and alkaline manganese batteries, and is the world's second largest producer and exporter of lithium-ion batteries.

China's domestic battery manufacturers will face a reshuffle, but also forced them to improve battery environmental production standards.

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