Talc is a layered structure with an aqueous magnesium silicate mineral matter, chemical formula Mg 3 [Si 4 O 10] (OH) 2, an oxide expressed as 3MgO • 4SiO 2 • H 2 O. Because of its soft texture, it has a strong sense of slippery and gets its name. Talc has high electrical insulation, heat insulation, high melting point and strong adsorption properties to oils, so it has a wide range of applications in the industry. And with the development of industry, the amount of use continues to increase, and the scope of application is expanding. China's annual output is nearly 1 million tons, which is used in the paper industry for about 60% of the total output, and the linoleum industry accounts for about 15%. In addition, it is widely used in many fields such as medicine, chemical industry, textile, ceramics and sculpture. Therefore, talc is one of the most important minerals in the national economy.
The theoretical composition of the talc mineral is MgO = 31.72%, SiO 2 = 63.12%, and H 2 O = 4.76%. The silicon contained is sometimes replaced by aluminum or titanium (up to 2% for aluminum and 0.1% for titanium), and magnesium is often replaced by iron , manganese , nickel and aluminum. Containing FeO up to 5%, containing Fe 2 O 3 up to 4.2%, NiO up to 1%. Some contain a small amount of potassium, sodium, and calcium. Substituted by isomorphism can form talc variants with different compositions, such as iron talc Fe 3 [Si 4 O 10 ](OH) 2 , calcite Ca 3 [Si 4 O 10 ](OH) 2 , nickel talc Ni 3 [ Si 4 O 10 ](OH) 2 and the like.
Talc belongs to the orthorhombic column crystal. The fine crystals are hexagonal or diamond-shaped, but rare. It is usually a dense block, leaf or scaly aggregate.
Pure talc is white or slightly yellowish, pink, light green, and light brown. Talc with a darker color is caused by impurities. Glass luster. The dense block talc is a shell-like fracture. The hardness is 1, and the density is 2.58 to 2.83 g/cm 3 . Talc has a smooth feel and high electrical insulation.
According to the use, talc mineral raw materials are divided into two types, namely, block talc and talc powder. The color of the block talc used for carving crafts can beautify, so the impurity-induced coloring element is a beneficial component here. Talc powder for paper and chemical industry requires whiteness. Therefore, the coloring element impurities such as iron, manganese, nickel and titanium contained are harmful components.
Pure talc ore is rare and usually associated with other minerals such as chlorite, magnesite , tremolite , dolomite, siderite, quartz , pyrite. These minerals change the chemical composition of the ore, coloring the ore, and significantly affecting the physical properties of the ore, which in turn reduces its industrial grade.
The types of ore of talc are generally divided into four categories in foreign countries:
(1) Block talc A dense block shape that can be processed into blocks of different shapes of a certain size. Less impurities, talc content of more than 70%.
(2) Flaky soft talc is an alteration product of magnesium carbonate rock. The common associated mineral is chlorite. This is the most versatile ore.
(3) Tremolite talc Sometimes called hard talc, it is a block or layer of rock. Contains different amounts of tremolite, amphibole, calcite , dolomite, serpentine and other associated minerals. This ore is characterized by a high calcium oxide content of 6% to 10%.
(4) Mixed talc is a kind of flaky rock containing talc, dolomite, calcite, serpentine, chlorite, etc. It is white and brittle.
In the country, according to the talc content, it is divided into block talc and talc. The latter has a talc content of less than 70%, which needs to be used for beneficiation . The talc rocks are mainly talc chlorite rocks and talc carbonate rocks. In addition to chlorite and talc, talc chlorite is often accompanied by serpentine, pyroxene, etc. Most of the color is green. The talc carbonate rock associated with talc is magnesite or dolomite, and the color is mostly light gray.

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