Mid-stage fertility management of rice

First, increase potassium fertilizer. During the mid-growth stage of rice, it is the most active period for potassium absorption, and also the time when potassium application has the greatest effect on promoting vegetative growth. Applying potassium at this stage offers three main benefits: (1) It helps maintain nutritional balance, supports the development of young panicles, increases grain number, and improves grain weight, thus boosting overall yield. (2) It strengthens the rice stalks, thickens the epidermis, and enhances resistance to diseases and lodging. (3) It improves the rhizosphere environment, promotes root respiration, and supports the healthy development of young panicles. The amount of potassium fertilizer should be adjusted based on the available potassium levels in the soil. For low-potassium fields (soil K content below 80 mg/kg), if 5–8 kg was applied during transplanting, another 5 kg should be added during the mid-growth stage. If no potassium was applied before transplanting, 10–12 kg per acre should be used. In medium-potassium fields (80–100 mg/kg), a single application before transplanting or during mid-growth is sufficient, with about 8–10 kg per mu. In high-potassium fields (over 100 mg/kg), it may not be necessary or can be reduced depending on conditions. Potassium fertilizer should be applied during and after the differentiation of the panicle. It can be used alone or mixed with early panicle and nitrogen fertilizers. Second, implement proper irrigation. To ensure good growth during the mid-season, three key measures should be taken. First, maintain an adequate water layer, as this is the period of highest water demand for rice. The field should have a consistent water layer to provide enough moisture for the plants. Second, avoid excessive water depth. A deep water layer can cause weak stems, thin walls, and poor grain filling, leading to higher empty grain rates. Therefore, shallow irrigation—around 5–7 cm—is recommended during the panicle differentiation phase. Third, pay attention to soil aeration. This is also a critical period for root development, with roots growing deeper and producing more branching roots. However, due to high temperatures, flooding can lead to strong reduction reactions in the soil, creating harmful substances that damage the root system, causing root rot and early aging. To prevent this, soil aeration must be maintained while keeping the water layer. Methods include: 1) intermittent irrigation, where water is applied, then allowed to dry for one or two days, balancing water retention and aeration; 2) for paddy fields with high groundwater levels and limited drainage, dredging drainage channels can help lower the water table and improve soil permeability; 3) for fields with large amounts of organic matter or straw, extending the drying period can help prevent root rot and promote healthier root development.

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