Typical Structure Analysis and Engineering Application of Submersible Pump
**Abstract:**
A submersible pump is a combined unit of a pump and motor designed for the efficient conveyance of liquids. As its name suggests, it integrates mechanical and electrical components to operate underwater. It is known for its simple structure and ease of use. With advancements in materials science, sealing technology, control systems, and manufacturing processes, submersible pumps have experienced rapid development over the years.
The paper provides an overview of the general development status of submersible pumps both domestically and internationally, analyzing their typical structures and highlighting the variety of impeller designs used abroad. The content is characterized by innovative design and diverse applications, offering valuable insights for reference within China.
**Keywords:** Submersible pump, Development, Impeller structure, Application
**Introduction**
A submersible pump is a specialized piece of machinery that combines a pump and an electric motor into one unit, allowing it to function fully submerged in liquid. Its design enables it to operate efficiently in water, making it ideal for various applications such as drainage, irrigation, and wastewater management. The evolution of submersible pumps has been closely tied to technological progress in areas like material science, sealing techniques, and control systems.
In 1904, the Byron Jackson Company in the United States introduced horizontally connected submersible pumps and motors, marking the beginning of modern submersible pump technology. By 1928, they had developed a vertically connected submersible pump, which became the prototype for deep-well submersible pumps. This indicates that submersible pump technology has over 60 years of history.
In 1948, the Swedish company Sterbery Flygt launched the world's first shallow-water submersible pump for water supply and drainage, revolutionizing the industry. Their innovations significantly simplified pump types and improved drainage systems in mines and construction sites. In 1956, Flygt introduced a sewage pump that cut pumping station costs by nearly half. They also developed specialized submersible pumps capable of handling abrasive fluids, viscous solutions, and corrosive liquids.
By the 1960s, countries like the U.S., UK, Germany, France, Finland, and Japan began mass-producing submersible pumps. Japanese manufacturers, such as Hitachi and Tsurumi, achieved standardization and serial production, making significant progress in structural design, material selection, and automation.
In 1958, the Shanghai People’s Electric Machinery Factory started producing 7kW submersible pumps, marking the beginning of domestic submersible pump production in China. After more than three decades of development, China has made substantial achievements, producing several series of small submersible pumps. Additionally, in the late 1980s, China began developing sewage submersible pumps, axial flow pumps, and mixed flow pumps, with annual outputs reaching tens of thousands of units.
Research institutions, including the Institute of Fluid Machinery at Jiangsu University of Science and Technology and the Yangzhou Pump Factory, have conducted extensive studies on sewage submersible pumps. These efforts have led to the development of non-clogging pump designs, improved performance, and numerous national awards.
**Typical Structure Analysis of Submersible Pumps at Home and Abroad**
**1.1 Foreign Submersible Pump Typical Structures**
Flygt, the world's largest manufacturer of submersible pumps, offers a wide range of products with advanced designs and standardized components. One of their typical models, the C pump, features:
- Motor cables that are resistant to media erosion and protected by flexible metal hoses.
- Stator insulation rated at Class F (155°C) with overload protection.
- Cooling systems for motors above 9kW, using back vanes or external cooling jackets.
- Double mechanical seals between the motor and hydraulic components, typically made of tungsten carbide or silicon carbide.
- Impellers with large passages to reduce clogging risks.
- Replaceable seal rings to maintain efficiency.
**1.2 Domestic Submersible Pump Typical Structures**
Yangzhou Asia-Pacific Special Pump Factory is the leading domestic producer of submersible pumps, supplying products for major projects such as Baosteel and Beijing New Passenger Station. Their QW sewage pump includes:
- Water detection probes in the wiring cavity for early fault detection.
- Class F insulated stators with over-temperature protection.
- Cooling systems for motors above 15kW.
- Water leak detectors and float switches for motor chamber protection.
- Double mechanical seals and wear-resistant materials.
- Oil chamber electrodes for leakage monitoring.
- Large-channel impellers to prevent clogging.
- Replaceable seal rings for optimal performance.
**2. Foreign Submersible Pump Types and Engineering Applications**
Flygt produces a wide range of submersible pumps tailored for different applications. For example:
- **B Pump**: Open or semi-open impeller, suitable for construction sites and mining.
- **C Pump**: Closed impeller, ideal for sewage and industrial wastewater.
- **D Pump**: Swirling impeller, used in aggressive environments.
- **F Pump**: S-type impeller with cutting and mixing functions, used in agriculture.
- **G Pump**: Open or closed impeller, suitable for basement drainage.
- **H Pump**: Anti-wear impeller for abrasive media.
- **L Pump**: Closed impeller with guide vanes, for high-flow applications.
- **M Pump**: Chopper-equipped impeller for pressurized sewer systems.
- **P Pump**: Adjustable blade axial impeller for low-lift, high-flow scenarios.
- **R Pump**: Multi-bladed closed impeller, ideal for agricultural and industrial uses.
**3. Conclusion**
After 30 years of development, China's submersible pump industry has made remarkable progress. However, compared to global leaders, there is still room for improvement in product variety, application scope, and reliability. To compete internationally, further research and innovation are needed. With continued economic growth and technological advancement, submersible pumps will play an increasingly vital role in industrial and agricultural sectors, as well as in urban and environmental management.
**About the Author:**
Shi Weidong is a researcher at Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, with a background in hydraulics. He has contributed extensively to the field of fluid machinery and submersible pump technology.
**Author:** Shi Weidong (Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212013)
**References**
1. Modern Pump Technology Handbook. Beijing: Aerospace Press, 1995
2. Yuan Shouyi. History and Development Trend of Small Submersible Pump. Irrigation and Drainage Machinery, 1994 (1): 3–10
3. Shi Weidong. Fluid Machinery. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University Press, 1996
4. Shi Weidong, et al. Submarine Pump Control System Overview. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 1996 (4): 126–129
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