Typical Structure Analysis and Engineering Application of Submersible Pump
**Abstract:**
A submersible pump is a combined unit of a pump and motor designed for the conveyance of liquids. As its name suggests, it operates entirely underwater, integrating mechanical and electrical components in a single device. Its simple structure and ease of use have made it widely popular. Over the years, submersible pumps have evolved significantly due to advancements in materials science, sealing technology, control systems, and manufacturing processes.
**Typical Structure Analysis and Engineering Application of Submersible Pumps**
Shi Weidong
(Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212013)
**Abstract**
This paper reviews the development status of submersible pumps both domestically and internationally, analyzing their typical structures and introducing various impeller designs and engineering applications abroad. The study highlights a wide range of innovative designs that can serve as references for domestic research and development.
**Keywords:** submersible pump, development, impeller structure, application
**Introduction**
Submersible pumps are devices that combine a pump and an electric motor into one unit, capable of operating entirely underwater. Their compact and efficient design makes them ideal for a variety of applications. With the advancement of materials, sealing techniques, and automation technologies, submersible pumps have seen significant improvements over the past decades.
The history of submersible pumps dates back to 1904 when the Byron Jackson Company in the U.S. developed horizontally connected submersible pumps and motors, considered the ancestors of modern submersible pumps. In 1928, they introduced the first vertical direct-connected submersible pump, marking the beginning of deep well pumping technology. Since then, the industry has continued to grow and evolve.
In 1948, the Swedish company Sterbery Flygt launched the world's first shallow water submersible pump for water supply and drainage, revolutionizing the way pumps were used in construction and mining. By 1956, they had developed a sewage pump that reduced pumping station costs by nearly half. Flygt also addressed challenges in handling abrasive, viscous, and corrosive fluids, leading to the creation of specialized submersible pumps. Today, Flygt offers four main series: the 2000 Series for small particles, the 3000 Series for large flow sewage, the 5000 Series for clean water, and the 7000 Series for axial flow applications.
By the 1960s, countries such as the U.S., UK, Germany, France, Finland, and Japan began mass-producing submersible pumps. Japan, in particular, achieved standardization and serialization of submersible pumps for construction and industrial use, with companies like Hitachi and Tsurumi making significant contributions in design, material selection, and automation.
In China, the Shanghai People’s Electric Machinery Factory started producing 7kW submerged electric pumps in 1958, marking the beginning of local submersible pump production. After more than three decades of development, China has produced several series of submersible pumps, including QY, QS, QX, QDX (single-phase), and later QW, QZ, and QH models. Research institutions such as the Institute of Fluid Machinery at Jiangsu University of Science and Technology have conducted extensive studies on non-clogging sewage pumps, achieving notable success in design theory and performance improvement.
**1. Typical Structure Analysis of Submersible Pumps at Home and Abroad**
**1.1 Foreign Submersible Pump Typical Structure Analysis**
Flygt, the world's largest manufacturer of submersible pumps, produces a wide range of models with advanced features. One of its typical designs, the C pump, includes the following key elements:
- Motor cables are designed to resist media erosion and are protected by flexible metal hoses.
- The stator uses Class F insulation (155°C) and includes an overload protector.
- For power above 9kW, a cooling system is installed, using the back vane of the impeller to circulate cooling water around the stator.
- A double mechanical seal between the motor and hydraulic components prevents liquid from entering the motor chamber.
- Impellers are designed with large passages to reduce clogging risks.
- Replaceable seal rings maintain optimal efficiency.
**1.2 Domestic Submersible Pump Typical Structure Analysis**
Yangzhou Asia-Pacific Special Pump Factory is currently the largest domestic manufacturer of submersible pumps, supplying products for major national projects such as Baosteel and the Beijing New Passenger Station. The QW sewage submersible pump, developed by the Institute of Fluid Machinery at Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, features:
- A wiring cavity with a water detection probe to protect the pump in case of cable damage.
- Class F insulation (155°C) with over-temperature protection.
- Cooling systems for power above 15kW, ensuring operation even under low water levels.
- Water leak detectors and float switches to monitor motor chamber integrity.
- Double mechanical seals with wear-resistant materials.
- An electrode protection system for oil chambers.
- Large-channel impellers to prevent clogging.
- Replaceable seal rings for improved efficiency.
**2. Foreign Submersible Pump Types and Engineering Applications**
Flygt offers a diverse range of submersible pumps tailored for different applications. Examples include:
- **B Pump**: Open or semi-open impeller, suitable for construction sites and mining.
- **C Pump**: Closed impeller, ideal for sewage and industrial wastewater.
- **D Pump**: Swirling impeller, used in aggressive environments.
- **F Pump**: S-type impeller with cutting and mixing functions.
- **G Pump**: Open or closed impeller, used in basement drainage.
- **H Pump**: Anti-wear impeller, suitable for abrasive media.
- **L Pump**: Closed impeller with guide vanes, for high-flow applications.
- **M Pump**: Chopper impeller, ideal for pressurized sewer systems.
- **P Pump**: Adjustable blade axial impeller, energy-efficient.
- **R Pump**: Multi-bladed impeller, suitable for high-head applications.
**3. Conclusion**
After 30 years of development, China's submersible pump industry has made significant progress. However, there is still a gap compared to global leaders in terms of product variety, application scope, and reliability. To compete internationally, further improvements in quality, innovation, and market expansion are essential. With the continuous growth of the economy, submersible pumps will play an increasingly important role in agriculture, industry, and environmental protection.
**About the Author:**
Shi Weidong, born in February 1964, graduated from Jiangsu Polytechnic University with a bachelor's degree in hydraulics. He is currently an associate researcher at Jiangsu Polytechnic University.
**Author:**
Shi Weidong (Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212013)
**References**
1. Compiled by all. *Modern Pump Technology Handbook*. Beijing: Aerospace Press, 1995.
2. Yuan Shouyi. *History and Development Trend of Small Submersible Pump*. Irrigation and Drainage Machinery, 1994 (1): 3–10.
3. Shi Weidong. *Fluid Machinery*. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University Press, 1996.
4. Shi Weidong, et al. *Overview of Submersible Pump Control Systems*. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 1996 (4): 126–129.
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